ILF-Neurofeedback-Mechanismen und Neurophysiologie
Dobrushina, O. R., Dobrynina, L.A., Arina, G.A., Kremneva, E., Novikova, E.S., Gubanova. M.V., Pechenkova, E.V., Suslina, A.D., Aristova, V.V., Trubitsyna, V.V. & Krotenkova, M.V. (2022). Enhancing Brain Connectivity With Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback During Aging: A Pilot Study. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:891547. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.891547
Fleischman, M. J. (2022). Documenting the Impact of Infra Low Frequency Neurofeedback on Underserved Populations with Complex Clinical Presentations. Front. Hum. Neurosci.16:921491. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.921491
Kropotov J.D. (2022). The enigma of infra-slow fluctuations in the human EEG. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:928410. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.928410
Seuß S, Riederle J. (2021). Erfahrungen mit Neurofeedback in der therapeutischen Praxis.Praxis Ergotherapie; 2:75–81.
Dobrushina, O., Vlasova, R.M., Rumshiskaya, A.D., Litvionova, L.D., Mershina, E.A., Sinitsyn, V.E. and Pechenkova, E.V. (2020). Modulation of Intrinsic Brain Connectivity by
Implicit Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 14: 192.
Grin-Yatsenko, V., Kara, O., Evdokimov, S., Gregory, M., Othmer, S. & Kropotov, J. (2020). Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback Modulates Infra-Slow Oscillations of Brain Potentials: A Controlled Study. Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Research, 4, 1-11.
Dobrushina, O., Pechenkova, E.V., Vlasova, R., Rumshiskaya, A.D., Litvinova, L., Mershina, E. and Sinitsyn, V. (2018). Exploring the brain contour of implicit infra-low frequency EEG neurofeedback: a resting state fMRI study. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 131, S76 (2018).
Grin-Yatsenko, V. A., Ponomarev, V. A., Kara, O., Wandernoth, B., Gregory, M., Ilyukhina, V. A., & Kropotov, J. D. (2018). Effect of Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback on Infra-Slow EEG Fluctuations. In Biofeedback. IntechOpen
Arina, G., Osina, E., Dobrushina, O. & Aziatskaya, G. (2017). Sham-neurofeedback as an intervention: Placebo or nocebo? European Psychiatry, 41, 253-254.
Altan, S., Berberoglu, B., Canan, S. & Dane, S. (2016). Effects of neurofeedback therapy in healthy young subjects. Clin invest Med 39, 27–30.
Dobrushina, O., Vlasova, R., Pechenkova, E.V., Rumshiskaya, A.D., Litvinova, L., Mershina, E.A. and Sinitsyn, V. (2015). The effect of Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback on default mode network of the brain. Conference paper at Applied Neuroscience and Social Well being, Moscow. (In Russian language).
Othmer S., Othmer S.F., Kaiser D. & Putman J. (2013). Endogenous Neuromodulation at Infra-Low Frequencies. Seminars in Paediatric Neurology, 20(4), 246-257.
Legarda S., McMahon D., Othmer S. & Othmer SF. (2011). Clinical Neurofeedback: Case Studies, Proposed Mechanism and Implication for Paediatric Neurology Practice. Journal of Child Neurology, 26(8), 1045-1051.
Othmer S., Othmer SF. & Legarda S. (2011). Clinical Neurofeedback: Training Brain
Behavior. Pediatric Neurology and Psychiatry, 2, 67-73.
ILF Neurofeedback in der neuesten klinischen Anwendung
Sucht
Corominas-Roso, M., Ibern, I., Capdevila, M., Ramon, R., Roncero, C. & Ramos-Quiroga, J.A. (2020). Benefits of EEG-Neurofeedback on the Modulation of Impulsivity in a Sample of Cocaine and Heroin Long-Term Abstinent Inmates: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 64(12), 1275-1298.
ADHS
Ölçüoğlu, R., Kozanoğlu, I., Mıdık, M. & Ates, E. G. (2024). The Impact of Neurofeedback Training on Cognitive Abilities Assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised in Children with Attention Deficit: A Randomized Single-Blind Sham-Controlled Study. Clin. EEG Neurosci. 55(6), 603-612. doi:10.1177/15500594241279997
Wührer, G. & Kolbe, S. (2024). Klinisches ILF-Neurofeedback mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Gehirnfunktions-Training bei psychischen Störungsbildern – eine Übersicht mit Anwendungsbeispielen. Forum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie 4, 62–87.
Ströhle, G. (2023). Infra-Low Frequency Training. In: Sidiropoulos, K. (eds). EEG-Neurofeedback bei ADS und ADHS. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65726-3_17
Schneider, H., Riederle, J. & Seuss, S. (2021): Therapeutic Effect of Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback Training on Children and Adolescents with ADHD. In: Brain-Computer
Interface, Vahid Asadpour ed., IntechOpen Limited, 2021:13, 75-92. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.97938
Prinz, W. (2015): Neurofeedbacktherapie als Spezialtherapieangebot. Psychopraxis. Neuropraxis 18, 180–183.
Flatz, T. & Gleußner, M. (2014): Neurofeedbacktherapie bei ADHS und Autismus. Pädiatrie & Pädologie 49, 22–27.
Ahlstrand, P. & Grattbeck, M. (2013): Neurofeedback - ett behandlingsalternativ vid ADHD. Specialised Thesis in Clinical Psychology/Neuropsychology. (Auf Schwedisch)
Altern und Demenz
Dobrushina, O. R., Dobrynina, L.A., Arina, G.A., Kremneva, E., Novikova, E.S., Gubanova. M.V., Pechenkova, E.V., Suslina, A.D., Aristova, V.V., Trubitsyna, V.V. and rotenkova, M.V. (2022). Enhancing Brain Connectivity With Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback During Aging: A Pilot Study. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16, 1–12.
Legarda, S.B., Michas-Martin, P. A. & McDermott, D. (2022). Managing Intractable Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Nonsurgical Approach Employing Infralow Frequency Neuromodulation. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:894781. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.894781
Angststörung
Wührer, G., Kolbe, S., Bolduan, U., Icking, A., Schneider, H. (2025). Klinisches ILF-Neurofeedback mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Training bei psychischen Störungsbildern - Studienlage, Anwendungsbeispiele und Kostenerstattung. Forum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie 1, 42–68.
Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (ASS)
Saleem, S. & Habib, S. H. (2024). Effect of Infra Low Frequency (ILF) neurofeedback training on EEG in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pakistan J. Med. Sci. 40(7), 1397-1402. Wührer, G. & Kolbe, S. (2024). Klinisches ILF-Neurofeedback mit Kindern und Jugendlichen Gehirnfunktions-Training bei psychischen Störungsbildern – eine Übersicht mit Anwendungsbeispielen. Forum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie 4, 62–87.
Esmaeilzadeh Kanafgourabi S. N., Shabani, M., Mirchi, Z., Aliyari, H. & Mahdavi, P. (2023): The impact of ILF neurofeedback on inhibitory control in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence of a randomized controlled trial, Applied Neuropsychology: Child 14(2), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2258247
Saleem, S. & Habib, S. H. (2023). Neurofeedback Recuperates Cognitive Functions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 54(8), 1-11. doi: 10.1007/s10803-023-06037-7
Rauter, A., Schneider, H. & Prinz, W. (2022): Effectivity of ILF Neurofeedback on Autism spectrum disorder – a Case Study. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16, 1-6.
Prinz, W. (2015): Neurofeedbacktherapie als Spezialtherapieangebot. psychopraxis. neuropraxis 18, 180-183.
Flatz, T. & Gleußner, M. (2014): Neurofeedbacktherapie bei ADHS und Autismus. Pädiatrie & Pädologie 49, 22–27.
Othmer S. & Othmer S.F. (2011): Neurofeedback for the Autism Spectrum. In K. Siri and T. Lyons (Eds.), Cutting-Edge Therapies for Autism (262-267). Skyhorse Publishing.
Hirnverletzung und traumatische Hirnverletzung (TBI)
Carlson, J., Webster Ross, G, Tyrrell, C., Fiame, B., Nunokawa, C., Siriwardhana, C.,Schaper, K. (2025). Infra-low frequency neurofeedback impact on post-concussive symptoms of headache, insomnia and attention disorder: Results of a randomized control trial. Explore 21, 103137. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2025.103137
Annaheim C, Hug K, Stumm C, Messerli M, Simon Y and Hund-Georgiadis M (2022): Neurofeedback in patients with frontal brain lesions: A randomized, controlled double-blind trial. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:979723. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.979723
Carlson, J. & Ross, G. (2021): Neurofeedback Impact on Chronic Headache, Sleep and Attention Disorders Experienced by Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study. Biofeedback, 49(1), 2-9.
Chronische Erkrankungen
Borchert, N., Eliasson, H., Hamne, G., Hodgson, K., Lyche, T., Mayer-Pelinski, R., Praesto, F., Radu, G., Sandström, U. & Stapleton, P.B. (2023). Learning from Läklabbet: An integrative transdisciplinary eco therapeutic treatment approach designed to promote resource capacity in people recovering from chronic ill health . Open Access Digital archive, 2023, 1–9.
Depression
Grin-Yatsenko, V. A., & Kropotov, J. D. (2020): Effect of infra-low frequency neurofeedback on the functional state of the brain in healthy and depressed individuals. In H. W. Kirk (Ed.), Restoring the brain: Neurofeedback as an integrative approach to health (2nd ed.). Routledge, pp. 244-255.
Grin-Yatsenko, V. A. et al. (2018): Infra-low frequency neurofeedback in depression: Three case studies. NeuroRegulation 5, 30–42.
Tschiesner, R. (2023). Infra-Low-Frequency Neurofeedback Treatment in Dysthymia : A Case Study. Behav. Sci. (Basel). 13(9), 711. doi: 10.3390/bs13090711.
Essstörung
Winkeler, A., Winkeler, M. & Imgart, H. (2022): Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Eating Disorder and Comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:890682. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.890682
Leong, S. L., Vanneste, S., Lim, J., Smith, M., Manning, P., & De Ridder, D. (2018): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial of closed-loop infraslow brain training in food addiction. Scientific reports, 8(1), 1-9.
Chirita-Emandi, A., & Puiu, M. (2014): Outcomes of neurofeedback training in childhood obesity management: A pilot study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 20(11), 831–837.
Fibromyalgie, Multiple Sklerose, Gehirnerschütterung
Legarda, S. B., Lahti, C. E., Mcdermott, D. & Michas-martin, A. (2022): Use of Novel Concussion Protocol With Infralow Frequency Neuromodulation Demonstrates Significant
Treatment Response in Patients With Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms, a Retrospective Study. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:894758. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.894758
Ingvaldsen, S. H. (2019): QEEG and Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback Training in Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Study Master’s thesis in Psychology. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dept. of Psychology, NTNU. Lamprecht, C. E. (2019): The effect of neurofeedback in post-concussion syndrome. Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch University.
Dobrushina, O. R., Varako, N. A., Kovyazina, M. S. & Zinchenko, Y. P. (2016): Combination of Neurofeedback and cognitive training in attention deficit due to multiple sclerosis. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 108, 118.
Insomnia
Orakpo N, Yuan C, Olukitibi O, Burdette J and Arrington K (2022): Does Virtual Reality Feedback at Infra-Low Frequency Improve Centralized Pain With Comorbid Insomnia While Mitigating Risks for Sedative Use Disorder?: A Case Report. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:915376. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.915376
Moore, P.T. (2022): Infra-low frequency neurofeedback and insomnia as a model of CNS dysregulation. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:959491. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.959491
Migräne und Spannungskopfschmerzen
Arina, G.A., Dobrushina, O.R., Shvetsova, E.T., Osina, E.D., Meshkov, G.A., Aziatskaya, G.A., Trofimova, A.K., Efremova, I.N., Martunov, S.E. & Nikolaeva, V.V. (2022). Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback in Tension-Type Headache: A Cross-Over Sham-Controlled Study. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:891323. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.891323
Legarda, S.B., Michas-Martin, P. A. & McDermott, D. (2022). Remediating Intractable Headache: An Effective Nonpharmacological Approach Employing Infralow Frequency
Neuromodulation. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:894856. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.894856
Dobrushina, O., Arina, G., Osina, E. & Aziatskaya, G. (2017): Clinical and psychological confirmation of stabilizing effect of neurofeedback in migraine. European Psychiatry, 41(S1), p253. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.045
Peak Performance
Bakhtafrooz, S., Kavyani, M., Farsi, A. & Alboghebeish, S. (2025). The effect of infra low frequency – neurofeedback training on pistol shooting performance and attention in
semi-skilled players. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 19:1487737. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2025.1487737
Othmer, S. F. S. & Othmer, S. F. S. (2011). Performance Enhancement Applications of Neurofeedback. In: Case Studies in Applied Psychophysiology: Neurofeedback and Biofeedback Treatments for Advances in Human Performance, 17–30. doi:10.1002/9781119959984.ch2
Anhaltender postural-perzeptiver Schwindel
Sasu R (2022). Infra-low frequency neurofeedback in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. Case report. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:959579. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.959579
PTBS
Kirk, H.W. & Dahl, M.G. (2022): Infra Low Frequency Neurofeedback Training for Trauma Recovery: A Case Report. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:905823. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.905823
Spreyermann, R. (2022). Case Report : Infra-Low-Frequency Neurofeedback for PTSD : A Therapist`s Perspective. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:893830. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.893830
Winkeler, A., Winkeler, M. & Imgart, H. (2022). Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Eating Disorder and Comorbid Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:890682, 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.890682
Gerge, A. (2020). A multifaceted case-vignette integrating neurofeedback and EMDR in the treatment of complex PTSD. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 4(3), 100157.
Dahl, M. G. (2020). Neurofeedback with PTSD and traumatic brain injury. In H. W. Kirk (Ed.), Restoring the brain:Neurofeedback as an integrative approach to health (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge, pp.256-284.
Nilsson, R. M. & Nilsson, V. (2014). Neurofeedback Treatment for Traumatized Refugees - A Pilot Study. Master thesis, Dept. of Psychology, Lund University.
Kelson, C. Y. (2013). The Impact of EEG Biofeedback on Veterans’ Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)..The Chicago School of Professional Psychology ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2013. 3606174.
Othmer, S., Othmer, S. F. & Legarda, S. B. (2011). Clinical Neurofeedback: Training Brain Behavior. Treat. Strateg. Pediatr. Neurol. Psychiatry 2, 67–73.
Othmer, S. & Othmer, S. F. (2009). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder—The Neurofeedback Remedy. Biofeedback 37, 24–31.
Refraktäre neurologische Störungen (Epilepsie, Zerebralparese)
Legarda, S. B., McMahon, D., Othmer, S. S. & Othmer, S. S. (2011): Clinical neurofeedback: Case studies, proposed mechanism, and implications for pediatric neurology practice. J. Child Neurol. 26, 1045–1051.
Schmidt, C. & Laugesen, H. (2023). Infra-low frequency neurofeedback training in Dravet syndrome: a case study. Epilepsy Behav. Reports 100606. doi:10.1016/j.ebr.2023.100606
Schizophrenie
Nestoros, J.N. and Vallianatou N.G. (2022). Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback rapidly ameliorates schizophrenia symptoms: A case report of the first session. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:923695. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.923695
Tinnitus
Güntensperger, D. (2018). Treatment of chronic tinnitus with neurofeedback. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Zurich). (Attn: The authors have primarily used frequency band NFB training in their studies and are (just) referring to ILF-NFB)
Güntensperger, D., Thüring, C., Meyer, M., Neff, P. Kleinjung, T. (2017). Neurofeedback for Tinnitus Treatment - Review and Current Concepts. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 9,386.(Attn: The authors have primarily used frequency band NFB training in their studies and are (just) referring to ILF-NFB)
Tourette-Syndrom/Tic-Störungen
Solberg, B. & Solberg, E. (2022). Infra-low frequency neurofeedback in application to Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders: A clinical case series. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:891924. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.891924
Virtual Reality NFB in der Schmerztherapie
Orakpo, N., Yuan, C., Olukitibi, O., Burdette, J. & Arrington, K. (2022). Does Virtual Reality Feedback at Infra-Low Frequency Improve Centralized Pain With Comorbid Insomnia While Mitigating Risks for Sedative Use Disorder? A Case Report. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:915376. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.915376.
Orakpo, N., Vieux, U. & Castro-Nunez, C. (2021). Case Report: Virtual Reality Neurofeedback Therapy as a Novel Modality for Sustained Analgesia in Centralized Pain
Syndromes. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 418. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660105
ILF Neurofeedback-Therapie – Praktische Erfahrungen und Fallberichte
Wührer, G., Kolbe, S., Bolduan, U., Icking, A., Schneider, H. (2025). Klinisches ILF-Neurofeedback mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Training bei psychischen Störungsbildern - Studienlage, Anwendungsbeispiele und Kostenerstattung. Forum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie 1, 42–68.
Wührer, G. & Kolbe, S. (2024). Klinisches ILF-Neurofeedback mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Gehirnfunktions-Training bei psychischen Störungsbildern – eine Übersicht mit Anwendungsbeispielen. Forum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie 4, 62–87. (In German language)
Knežević, B. (2024). Neurofeedback Treatment – Application in Speech and Language Therapy, Logopedija, 14(1), 23-31. doi: 10.31299/log.14.1.3 (auf Kroatisch)
Theis T, Bolduan U, Seuß S, Spallek J, Wandernoth B and Mayer-Pelinski R (2025) ILF-neurofeedback in clinical practice: examining symptom change and performance metrics across diagnostic groups. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 19:1601187. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2025.1601187
Reviews
Bazzana, F., Finzi, S., Di Fini, G. & Veglia, F. (2022). Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback:
A Systematic Mixed Studies Review. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:920659. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.920659
Bücher und Buchkapitel zum Thema ILF-Neurofeedbac
Haus, K.-M. et al. (2015). Praxisbuch Biofeedback und Neurofeedback. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-59720-0 (In German language)
Kirk, H. W. (2020). Restoring the Brain: Neurofeedback as an Integrative Approach to Health. Second Edition, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
Othmer S. (2019). Protocol Guide for Neurofeedback Clinicians, 7th Edition. EEG Info. ISBN: 0989543277.
Othmer, S. & Othmer, S. F. (2011). Performance Enhancement Applications of Neurofeedback. In Case Studies in Applied Psychophysiology: Neurofeedback and Biofeedback Treatments for Advances in Human Performance 17–30. Wiley-Blackwell.
Sidiropoulos, K. (ed.) (2023). EEG-Neurofeedback bei ADS und ADHS. Innovative Behandlung von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland. ISBN: 978-3-662-65725-6. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-65726-3
Ströhle, G. (2023): Infra-Low Frequency Training. In: Sidiropoulos, K. (ed.) (2023): EEG-Neurofeedback bei ADS und ADHS. Kapitel 17, 237-271. Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-65726-3_17
Wiedemann, M. & Segler, K. (2017): Neurofeedback - Wie eine spielerisch leichte Therapie dem Gehirn hilft, Probleme zu überwinden. Kösel, ISBN: 3466346827.
Wiedemann, M. & Segler, K. (2024). Neurofeedback - A gentle therapy to help the brain help itself. BoD - Books on Demand. ISBN: 9783758375095.