Sleep as a symptom - How neurofeedback can help
Because sleep problems often occur as a symptom of other diseases, Neurofeedback can be used for various sleep problems. Especially at the beginning of Neurofeedback therapy, sleep is an important indicator to determine suitable starting positions for ILF Neurofeedback. It makes a difference whether patients have difficulties falling asleep or problems sleeping through the night, which means they need better regulation of the sleep phases. A combination of both can also be present. It influences which electrode positions one starts with in ILF Neurofeedback.
Furthermore, sleep disorders are a well-describable symptom that causes a high level of suffering for many of those affected. The effects are noticeable in everyday life. Sleep is therefore often a symptom where the first treatment successes with ILF Neurofeedback can become visible quickly. For many patients, being able to fall asleep or sleep through the night "at last" brings a significant improvement to everyday life.
Studies also support the positive effects of Neurofeedback on sleep disorders. For example, study participants reported a subjective improvement in their sleep quality and better performance during the day (Hammer et al., 2011; Schabus et al., 2013). Neurofeedback can also minimise sleep latency, i.e. the time needed from going to bed to actually falling asleep (Wu et al., 2021). Another study shows that sleep problems in burnout patients could be improved (Kratzke et al., 2020).
ADHD patients in particular report sleep problems repeatedly. An improvement of these problems was observed through SMR Neurofeedback training (Arns, Feddema & Kenemans, 2014). An explanation for this is given in a review article by Arns & Kenemans (2014), in which the effects of Neurofeedback on the so-called sleep spindle circuit are discussed. Increased sleep spindle density leads to a normalisation of insomnia, which in turn reduces ADHD symptoms. "In a [...] randomised controlled trial, 27 healthy adults were trained with SMR conditioning to improve sleep and declarative learning. After 10 sessions, positive changes were observed in sleep parameters such as sleep spindles and latency to fall asleep" (author's translation, Hoedlmoser et al., 2008).
Sleep problems were also improved in a patient treated with ILF Neurofeedback in a virtual reality setting. These improvements persisted after a one-year follow-up. (Orakpo et al., 2021). In another case study, treatment with ILF Neurofeedback in the virtual reality setting improved a patient's pain-related insomnia. Again, the sustained improvement was confirmed after one year (Orakpo et al., 2022).
Based on current research and clinical experience, Neurofeedback can be a useful therapeutic component in the treatment of insomnia or symptoms of disturbed sleep. We are currently working with other researchers to support further Neurofeedback studies.
For more detailed information on Neurofeedback and scientific work, please contact us.
Sources:
Arns, M., Feddema, I. & Kenemans, J. L. (2014) Differential effects of theta/beta and SMR neurofeedback in ADHD on sleep onset latency. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 8, 1–10.
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Kratzke, I. M., Campbell, A., Yefimov, M. N., Mosaly, P. R., Adapa, K., Meltzer-Brody, S., Farrell, T. M., Mazur, L. M. (2020) Pilot Study Using Neurofeedback as a Tool to Reduce Surgical Resident Burnout. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 232, 74-80.
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Wu, Y., Fang, S., Chen, S., Tai, C. & Tsai, P. (2021) Effects of Neurofeedback on Fibromyalgia : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Manag. Nurs. 21, 755-763.